Submarine-cable telegraphy.



N0. 698,26l. Patented Apr. 22

A. C. CREHUBE & G. 0. SQUIER. SUBMARINE CBLE TELEGRAPHY.

(Application led Oct, 25, 189B. Renewed Oct. 5, 1901.)

4 Sheets -Sheet I.

(No Model.)

Ivwen'ons Alert U rekare Gieorya/S'yazer By 4 Atvraey THE NORRIS Psrzns co.. wMOT0-L1THo.. wAsmNGToN. u1?.

A. c. CREHGRERL G.' o. sumen.

(No Model.)

Patented Apr. 22, |902.

SUBMAINE CABLE TELEGRAPHY.

(Application led Oct. 25, 1898. Renewed Oct. 5, 1901.)

4 Sheets-Shed 2.

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' A. C. CREHOHE A0'. SQUIER. f

SUBMARINE CABLETELE'GBAPHY.

@applicativa med cee. 35, 189s. nene'wed pcc., "5, 1901.)

(no Model.; Y l sheets-sneer a.

No. Seagal: "Patented Apr. 22, |902. A. c. 4cmaHonE s. G. o. s'uulER.

E 'TELE'GRAPHY- (Appliatio med om 25, 189s. Renewed occ. 5, 1901.)

SUBMABINE CABL 4 sheets-sheet 4.

(No Model.)

. Invenfom V Alberta Graka/v- Attorney mi Nonms PETERS C0.. PHOTO-LITRO.. WASHINUTUN. n. i:

Ni-TEE STATES,

, AT ENT OFFICE. y

ALB-ERT C. CREHORE, OF HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE, AND GEORGE O.

SQUIER, OF'THE UNITED STATES ARMY, ASSIGNORS TO THE CRE- y TIGRE-SQUIER yINTIEIILLIGENCE TRANSMISSION COMPANY, OF CLEVE- LAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OFOHIO. y Y l SUBMARINE-CABLE TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 698,261, dated April 22, 1902.

I Application liledOctober 25, 1898. Renewed October 5, 1901. Serial No.77,703. (No model.)

To all whom t may con/cern,.-

Be it known that we, ALBERT C. CREHORE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Hanover, in the county of Grafton and State of New Hampshire, and GEORGE O. SQUIER, lieutenant colonel, Signal Corps, United States Army, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Submarine- Cable Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification. g. i.

Our invention or discovery relates to the transmission of intelligence over submarine cables, in which, as is well known, the speed of transmission is very slowas compared with the speed on land lines due to the comparatively large distributed electrical capacity of a submarine cable despite the continued Search for appliances designed to increase the speed and the legibility of the received signals. Heretofore in this branch of telegraphy the signals have been transmitted by applying to the cable an electromotive force which is at its maximum at the beginning of a pulse, and the waves of electromotive force impressed upon the circuit, graphically represented, appear as in the broke'n line, Fig. 1, the characteristic feature of which is that the waves are square-topped. We haveV discovered that the speed oi"` transmission is increased over that which it has Vheretofore been possible to attain by simply abandoning,

the use of thegsquare-top Wave of impressed electromotive force and substituting therefor an electromotive force which does not rise suddenly and fall off abruptly, but, on the contrary, varies gradually and continuously from zero through a maximum andback to zero gradually and continuously. y

Graphically the Waves of impressed electromotive force employed according to our improved system are represented approxi-` mately asin Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings, wherein we represent two semi- Waves of opposite sign, respectively. The

same form of electromotive force when variedas to thesuccession of the individual Wavesl or pulses -for the purpose of transmitting the in practice.

end elevation of the-apparatus.

vertical longitudinal if section through the ably said machine is constructed to generate a varying electromotive force of sine-wave form. Vhen the electromotive force is generated by a machine as in the case of an alternating electroinotive force, the control thereof, so that the sinuses may be impressed on the circuit at the desired times and intervals, may be effected in any desired manner, manually or automatically; but by preference we impress theln automatically by means of a perforated tape.

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. l is a graphic delineation of the form of varying electromotive force heretofore employed in transmitting the letters A, B, and C,

over a cable using the present international I code. Fig. 2 shows a complete alternating electromotive-force wave. Fig. 3 represents the impressed electromotive-force waves used according to our discovery to transmit the letters A7 and B using the present international code.A Fig. 4 is, a general diagram of one form of apparatus which may be used in telegraphing over submarine cables according to our improved method. Fig. 5 shows inside elevation a part of a working apparatus which we have successfully used Fig.16 is a plan of the transmitting end ofthe sameapparatus. 1 Fig. 7 is an Fig. 8 is a parts connecting the generator and the transmitter. f

Referring to Fig. 4., A. is the transmitting lendof a submarine cable upon ywhich the pulses are to be impressed in accordance with "a code, and E2 is the earth connection;v B

lo. typies a generator of alternating electronic-f p tiveforce of sine-wave form, being lfor that purpose Aprovided with a suitable coil or coils rotated by any suitable power in a magnetic i.,

'ot the transmitting device, thereby delivering at each brush or terminal a sine-Wave electromotive forceof one sign for one brush and ot' the opposite sign for the other brush, so that there is continuously present at said transmitting part au electromotive force-of either sign ready to be impressed upon the circuit. Te show a shuttle form of armature;

but it is preferable to use a form which more readily gives an electromotive force closely following the sine-Wave form. The field in which the coils are rotated may be maintained in any desired way, as by a local generatorM'Z, supplying a field-coil of the machine. The circuit of the machine is completed to earth through perforations in a transmitting-tape E, upon which the brushes bear after the usual manner, Lheperforations being of such size that the currentliowing shall in each case begin and terminate at zero, or approximately zero, and the tape being fed beneath the brushes at a speed synchronous with the prod uctiou of the alternating electr-emotive force. For this purpose the tape is provided With a central row of feeding-perforations,as well understood in the art, to be engaged by a toothed Wheel F, which runs in synchronism With the generator B. The perforations of the tape being made of proper length and the brushes having been properly adj usted longitudinally upon the tape, current-pulses of sine-Wave form will be caused to How on the cable, said pulses being the resultant of electr-emotive forces applied to the cable, as graphically illustrated in Fig. .3. In practice it is found that by the substitution of this form of electromotive force for the present square-topped form Without alteration of any of the other elements of the present system the speed of Working over a given cable is materially increased.

R typifies any adjustable'or Variable impedance forming a resistance-shunt to earth for the discharge of the cable.

Having described in general terms the character of the apparatus which may be employed, We will refer to the remaining figures of drawings, which show a suitable apparat us in its details and which Will be readily understood from the following brief description.

Brushes D and lever P, carrying brushes D D, are carried on a frame or plate T, supported on pins or studs t t, which project from a suitable supporting arm or bracket. The frame T is capable of longitudinal adjustment by means of set-screws W', carried by it for the purpose of ad j Listing the position of the brushtips With relation to the perforations inthe tape, and thereby determining the instant at which circuit shall be made and broken in the electromotive-force Wave developed by the armature.

I is the armature, K the armature-shaft, and L the driving-pulley. Upon the armature-shaft aud properly insulated therefrom are the four rings numbered l 2 3 1L, upon which bear suitable collecting-brushes. (Not shown, but supported from a suitable brushiolder H2.) Ring 4 serves for connection of one or the com mon terminal of the armaturecoil system a nd corresponds to ring H of Fig. 4i. Ring 2 is subdivided to furnish the two sides cc of the pole-changer, upon which bear the two brushes connected to the transmitter, and the halves oli-said ring constitute, in effect, parts, respectively, of the two idle rings 1 3, to Which the terminals of the armature-coil system of opposite sign, respectively, may be connected. Said rings are idle in the operation of the apparatusfor the purpose before described; but the application of suitable brushes to them Will furnish an electromotive force (alternating) Which is the sum of that furnished from the brushes bearing on ring c c and H.

Shaft K carries a pinion 7L, that gears With gear-wheel 71. to form a reducing-gear, and the hub of said gear carries one member of a clutch M, the other member of Which is carried by the shaft carrying toothed feed-Wheel F. The clutch operating lever M is connected to the clutch, as clearly shown in Fig. 6. The clutch members engage by interlocking teeth, as shown, so that the relative position ot' feed-Wheel, teeth, and armature-coils shall be the same Whenever they are connected together, thereby insuring the proper presentation of the transmitting-perforations in the tape to the transmitting-brushes. The proportioning of the gear feed-Wheel and tape-perforations beneath the brushes D D and the adjustment of the brushes longitudinally with respect to the tape are such that having regard to the difference in phase between the impressed electromotive force Wave and the actual or resultant Waves of current-flow the instants of make and break of connection shall coincide approximately with the zeros of current-flow produced by the electromotive forces developed in the armature.

I is the paper-trough, through which the paper is fed by Wheel F, and F is a pressure- Wheel, which keeps the paper engaged by Wheel F. Wheel Fl is supported on a pivoted arm pressed down by a spring, as shown in Fig. S. The bottom of the trough is perforated immediately beneath the tips of the transmitting-brushes D D, as clearly shown in Fig. (3, to permit said brush to meet the tips of brushes D D beneath the trough through the perforation in the paper.

R is a rotatable block or hub of insulation turning on a pin carried by lever P, consisting of a pivoted elbow-lever, as shown in Fig. 7, and supporting-brushes D D. A spring S, applied to the l1 ub as shown, holds the brushes IIC down upon the perforated tape. By manipulating lever P to raise the 'hub the brushes may be raised from the paper.

While We prefer to use a varying electromotive force of the sine form, it is not to be understood that we limit ourselves thereto, but desire to include by our claims any forms Whose characteristic difference from the square-topped electromotive-force Wave heretofore used is that the electromotive force shall change gradually and continuously from zero through a maximum to zero. vIt is also to be understood that We do not limit ourselves to using` electromotive forces of opposite signs, as the transmission might be effected by using electromotive forces of one sign only.

The invention claimed is- 1. The hereinbefore described improvement in ocean-cable telegraphy which consists in transmitting the signaling Waves or pulses by impressing upon the cable distinct pulses of electromotive force varying in numof make and break in the transmitter tothe 35' dierence in phase between the impressed electromotive-force Wave and the resultant Waves or pulses of current.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 24th day of 4o October, A. D. 1898.

ALBERT C. CREHORE. GEORGE O. SQUIER. Witnesses:

C. L. BELOHER, WM. H. CAPEL. 

